Additives for Efficient Biodegradable Antifouling Paints

General aspects of tin-free antifouling paints.

Occupational exposure during application and removal of antifouling paints.

Exposure data on biocides are relatively rare in published literature, especially for secondary exposure. This is also the case for antifouling exposure. Therefore, a field study was carried out measuring exposure to antifouling paints. Both primary exposure (rolling and spraying) and secondary exposure (during sand blasting) were studied. Exposure during rolling was measured in boatyards where...

Controlling Marine Fouling with Antifouling Paints and Underwater Hull Cleaning

trolling marine fouling on ships’ hulls has been considered essential since the earliest days of marine transport. It has been estimated that without any attempt to control fouling, shipping would require 40% more power, equal to about 72 million tonnes of additional fuel per year.1 Therefore, without an effective antifouling system, today’s marine transport industry would undoubtedly grind to ...

Contamination by organotin(tributyltin and triphenyltin) compounds from antifouling paints and endocrine disruption in marine gastropods

The third countrywide survey on imposex and organotin contamination in the rock shell was conducted in 93 locations along the Japan coast between September 1996 and January 1999. The percentage occurrence of imposex was still high in 86 locations whereas no or rare instances of imposex were found in the remaining seven locations. Severe imposex symptoms were observed in the rock shell populatio...

Effect of organotin compounds (TeT) used in antifouling paints on cultured marine molluscs - a literature study

Organotin salts, used as antilouling substances have a deleterious effect on the environment. particularly on molluscs and especially on the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas. A synthesis 01 the effects 01 tributyltin (TBT) on cultured molluscs reveals the lollowing effects: 1) acute and chronic loxicity to the adults; 2) accumulation in the f1esh 01 the adults; 3) perturbation 01 reproduction ...